Presença de bactérias produtoras de beta-lactamases de espectro ampliado (esbl) em uroculturas

Abstract

Introduction: The ability to produce bacterial enzymes that can inactivate antimicrobials have become increasingly common. The beta-lactamases degrade beta-lactam antibiotics, which are widely used in the treatment of nosocomial infections and the resistance to them becomes a serious problem. The production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) is one of the most important mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, making the treatment of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. Objectives: to report risk factors for bacterial resistance, the diagnosis and the beta-lactamase producing bacteria extended spectrum (ESBL) more frequent in urine tests. Materials and methods: a literature review narrative, using the key words: drug resistance; Enterobacteriaceae; Beta-lactamases. The databases were Scielo and Lilacs being included full articles available in recent 15 years, published in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: the ITU is characterized by its high incidence, which implies the frequent adoption of empirical treatment. However, this behavior contributes to large increase in resistant strains because the antibiotic therapy is initiated without microbiological confirmation and your pattern of resistance. The main ESBL-producing bacteria are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but other Enterobacteria exhibit this resistance with less often, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp. and Salmonella spp. Conclusions: it should be noted and minimize the risk factors for bacterial resistance, because ESBL producing bacteria, as well as other mechanisms of resistance complicates the treatment of infections, since they reduce the therapeutic arsenal and increase the morbidity and costs.